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 GERMANY

Federal President: Frank-Walter Steinmeier (SPD) · Federal Chancellor: Olaf Scholz (SPD) · Governing parties: SPD, GRÜNE
Legislative elections: Bundestag, 4-year term, 5% threshold, 630 seats, MMP (331 PR/299 FPTP; 2017/2021: 598 + overhang/adjustment seats, 299 PR/299 FPTP):

  2025   2021 2017
Party Ideology % Seats % Seats % Seats
Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands (CDU)  
Christian Democratic Union of Germany
Liberal conservatism
Christian democracy 
22,6 164 19,0 152 26,8 200
Alternative für Deutschland (AfD)  
Alternative for Germany
National conservatism 20,8 152 10,4 83 12,6 94
Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (SPD)  
Social Democratic Party of Germany
Social democracy 16,4 120 25,7 206 20,5 153
Bündnis 90/Die Grünen (GRÜNE)
Alliance 90/The Greens
Green politics 11,6 85 14,7 118 8,9 67
Die Linke (DIE LINKE)  
The Left
Democratic socialism 8,8 64 4,9 39 9,2 69
Christlich-Soziale Union in Bayern (CSU)
Christian Social Union in Bavaria
Regionalism
Christian democracy
Conservatism
6,0 44 5,2 45 6,2 46
Bündnis Sahra Wagenknecht (BSW)  
Alliance Sahra Wagenknecht (a)
Democratic socialism
Social conservatism
5,0 - - - - -
Freie Demokratische Partei (FDP)  
Free Democratic Party
Liberalism 4,3 - 11,4 91 10,7 80
Südschleswigscher Wählerverband (SSW)
South Schleswig Voters' Association
Minority interests (DEN/FRI) 0,2 1 0,1 1 - -
Others 4,4 - 8,6 - 5,0 -
Total - 630 - 735 - 709
Turnout 82,5 76,4 76,2

© 2025 Wolfram Nordsieck. Source: Bundeswahlleiter (www.bundeswahlleiter.de).  For full coverage, click here (1949-present). Note: (a) 2025: 4,98%.